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Objective:To prepare a peptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation-induced emission and to investigate its application in the detection of early caries.Methods:Eight aspartate-serine-serine (DSS) were combined with aggregation-induced emission material to prepare peptide fluorescent probes, and an artificial demineralization model was established in vitro. The samples were immersed in the peptide fluorescent probe solution for 1 min, and a fluorescence imaging system was applied to examine the tooth samples and collect images and fluorescence data. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to observe the phenotype of the teeth, and electron microscopy was applied to detect the calcium-phosphorus ratio on the enamel surface of the teeth. Polarized light microscopy was also applied to observe the enamel area of the teeth. Results:The fluorescence intensity of demineralized teeth was clearly observed to be lower than that of normal teeth in the peptide fluorescent probe-treated area, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surface of the demineralized group had more irregular pores, while the enamel surface of the undemineralized group was flatter with only some irregular accumulation of flakes. The results of polarized light microscopy showed that a clear birefringence could be observed in the enamel region of normal teeth, while a black area or the disappearance of the birefringence effect accompanied by a partial black dark shadow could be observed in the enamel region of demineralized teeth. Conclusions:An aggregation-induced luminescence-based peptide fluorescent probe was successfully prepared, which can precisely localize the enamel and show some application value in early caries detection.
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In recent years, problems such as the devitalization of dental pulp and the increased brittleness and fragility of teeth after root canal treatment have attracted more and more attention. Therefore, pulp regeneration has become the focus of research in endodontics and periapical disease, in which vascularization is of paramount importance. It is found that peptide hydrogel scaffolds have been widely applied because of their properties of impacting cell behavior, promoting angiogenesis, and being adaptable. In this review paper, the research progress of the application of peptide hydrogel in the vascularization of pulp regeneration and the properties of various peptide hydrogels were summarized to provide a reference for the further application of peptide hydrogel in pulp regeneration.
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Pulp necrosis can cause increased tooth fragility and easy fracture, and hinder the sustainable development of young permanent teeth. Therefore, pulp regeneration therapy has important clinical significance. However, due to the complicated and varied anatomical structure of the pulp tissue, and various components such as nerves and blood vessels, there are many challenges in dental pulp regeneration strategy. In this paper, the recent research progress in the application of dental pulp tissue construction and transplantation by tissue engineering method was reviewed, and the selection of suitable scaffold materials and the construction of dental pulp tissue were discussed. The functional characteristics of scaffold materials were described,such as sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, fibrous protein, silk fibroin, peptides and self-assembled peptides, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and their copolymers. In addition, the functions and characteristics of these materials were briefly introduced, as well as the functional modification with growth factors and other biological matrix extract involvement, and functional improvement of the composite scaffolds with complementary effects.Combined with the requirements of clinical operability, the composition design and functional characteristics of the injectable hydrogel scaffolds consisted of hydrophilic composite materials and/or modified with hydrophilic groups were also discussed.This review paper would be useful in providing some reference for the future research and exploration of dental pulp regeneration.
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Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by remodeling periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and other periodontal tissues in response to mechanical loading. The periodontal ligament is the fibrous connective tissue connecting cementum and alveolar bone, which plays an important role in the transmission, absorption and dispersion of supporting teeth and biting force. When orthodontic forces are applied to the teeth, load transfer occurs from the tooth through the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. The remodeling of periodontal ligament interacts with the alveolar bone formation and absorption alternately. As the initial factor of orthodontic tooth movement, the stress/strain of periodontal ligament is involved in the process of alveolar bone remodeling and affects the direction and speed of tooth movement. Therefore, the biomechanical properties of the periodontal ligament have received extensive attention. In this paper, the related researches on the structural changes and biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement were reviewed as well as the researches on the mechanical constitutive model of the periodontal ligament. The mechanical response and biomechanical mechanism of the periodontal ligament were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for accurate numerical simulation of orthodontic tooth movement.
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With the improvement of people's living standard and the strengthening of people's recognition of dental caries prevention and treatment, enamel remineralization has attracted extensive attention. Fluoride, bioactive glass and casein phosphopeptide-amorphic calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are the most widely studied remineralisation agents at present, which have a certain effect of promoting enamel remineralization. The results of different studies shown that the effect of CPP-ACP combined with fluoride was quite different, which may be affected by many factors. In this paper, the recent progress of the combined application of CPP-ACP and fluoride on enamel remineralization was reviewed, and various influencing factors were analyzed in order to provide references for future experimental design and clinical applications.
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With the rapid development of cell biology and biological materials, the dentine-pulp complex regeneration research has gone further. Scaffolds play important roles in the construction of tissue engineered dentine-pulp complex. At present, scaffolds used in dentine-pulp complex regeneration include not only natural biological materials and synthetic biomaterials, but also various composite materials and cell- or body-based carrier materials. In this paper, the latest research status of various scaffolds for dentine-pulp complex regeneration were reviewed. The advantages and problems of these scaffolds were analyzed. The future development direction was predicted.
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Rubber dam technique is the a method used in dentistry to isolate the operation field from the rest of mouth with rubber sheet. Rubber dam can protect both patients and dental workers effectively and provide patients with more professional, safe and comfortable experience. In recent years, this technique has gradually gained more and more recognition by dentists. However, the prevalence of using rubber dam technique in our country is still relatively low compared with those in developed countries. This condition involves many factors and need to be paid enough attention. This review summarized the current situation of rubber dam usage in various countries, the technique's application field, the effect analysis, the influencing factors and the modified products.
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Humans , Dental Care , Methods , Dentists , Rubber DamsABSTRACT
Medical ultrasound imaging suffers from poor resolution due to its inherit imaging mechanism.In order to obtain the important diagnostic image in detail,restoration procedure needs to be performed.However,in practical ultrasound imaging,it's difficult to demonstrate the degradation process in detail.Therefore,blind image deconvolution is applied to estimate the original image from the degraded image with unknown point spread function or little available prior knowledge.In this paper,the main algorithms of medical ultrasound image restoration based on blind deconvolution are reviewed and classified into two categories,priori or joint with the image,according to the identification methods,and the basic theories and improved methods are analyzed and discussed.Finally,the future directions in blind restoration for medical ultrasound images are proposed.
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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, acting as important regulators in embryogenesis and bone and cartilage formation and repair.The complexity of BMPs action has early been unveiled by generous cell and molecular biology approaches and transgenic animal studies.Genetic engineering allows for the mass production of BMPs for clinical use of bone repair, but the desirable scaffold material is also needed to ensure controlled release and maximum biological activity of BMPs at the surgical site.Currently, BMP-2 and BMP-7 have been approved by United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical therapy in long bone fracture, spinal fusion and oral and maxillofacial surgery.The results are satisfactory, but the side effects have been also widely concerned.The functions and clinical applications of BMPs in bon repair are reviewed.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that dental pulp cells can differentiate into odontoblastic like cells under certain stimulations, which is regulated by several signal pathways network. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of stimulating molecules and underlying molecular mechanisms of dental pulp cells’ odontoblastic differentiation. METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI and Wanfang databases was undertaken for the related Chinese articles dated from January 1998 to July 2014 with the keywords of“dental pulp cells”and“odontoblastic differentiation”in Chinese. Meanwhile, PubMed database was searched for the related English articles dated from January 1998 to July 2014 with the same keywords in English. Those with unrelated research subjects, or repetitive studies were excluded. Final y, 63 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Various stimuli, including bone morphogenetic protein,β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid, can stimulate dental pulp cells differentiation into odontoblastic like cells under certain conditions regulated by several signal pathways network. But odontoblastic differentiation is a complex process, and further research into stimulating molecules and underlying molecular mechanisms of dental pulp cells’ odontoblastic differentiation is significantly important for clinical applications of dental regenerative therapy.
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Objective To analyze the effects of Cavity Preparation Skill Evaluation System (CPSES) in pre-clinical dental cavity preparation assessment.Methods Twenty one dental undergraduates in Medical School of Nankai University were chosen in this study.After cavity preparation training,students' cavity preparation skills were evaluated systematically.The outline form and depth of 21 left mandibular first molar class Ⅰ cavity preparation made by students were evaluated by CPSES system and evaluators' visual assessment.The evaluation results were analyzed using GraphPad InStat statistical software(V3.1) with paired t test (test level α=0.05) and correlation analysis to study the application effects of the CPSES system.Results The evaluation results generated from CPSES system and evaluators' visual assessment for class Ⅰ dental cavity preparation skill evaluation showed significant difference(two tailed P value 0.0050,t=3.156) and certain correlation on cavity preparation assessment(two tailed P value 0.0837,r=0.386 2).Conclusion Application of cavity preparation skill evaluation system in undergraduate endodontic teaching can deepen and strengthen the students' understanding of cavity preparation requirements and help students master cavity preparation knowledge and skills better.